起源于14世纪末的英语单词列表
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controversy(n.)
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contumely(n.)
"傲慢、冒犯、辱骂的言辞",14世纪晚期,源自古法语 contumelie,来自拉丁语 contumelia "谴责,侮辱",可能源自 contumax "傲慢、顽固、傲慢、不屈服",特别是指那些拒绝出庭应诉的人,来自 com- 的同化形式,这里可能是一个强调前缀(见 com-),加上 tumere "膨胀"(来自 PIE 词根 *teue- "膨胀")。
The unhappy man left his country forever. The howl of contumely followed him across the sea, up the Rhine, over the Alps; it gradually waxed fainter; it died away; those who had raised it began to ask each other, what, after all, was the matter about which they had been so clamorous, and wished to invite back the criminal whom they had just chased from them. [Thomas Babington Macaulay, "Lord Byron," 1877]
这个不幸的人永远离开了他的国家。侮辱的嚎叫声在他身后穿过海洋,穿过莱茵河,穿过阿尔卑斯山; 它逐渐变得微弱; 它消失了; 那些发出它的人开始互相询问,到底是什么事情让他们如此喧嚣,希望邀请刚刚被他们追逐出境的罪犯回来。[托马斯·巴宾顿·麦考莱,《拜伦勋爵》,1877年]
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convenience(n.)
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conveniently(adv.)
14世纪晚期,“适当地,正确地”,来自 convenient + -ly (2)。意思是“以避免困难的方式”来自大约1500年。
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convenient(adj.)
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conventicle(n.)
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conversant(adj.)
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convertible(adj.)
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convocation(n.)
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cook(v.)
14世纪晚期,最基本的意义上,“通过加热使食物适合食用”,但尤其是“通过各种材料和调味料的组合以美味的方式准备”,源自 cook(名词)。
古英语中有 gecocnian,与古高地德语 cochon 、德语 kochen 都是从名词派生的动词,但中古英语单词似乎是英语中名词的新形成。 “操纵,篡改,改变,伪造”的比喻意义来自1630年代(短语 cook the books 最早见于1954年)。相关词汇: Cooked, cooking。短语 what's cooking? “有什么事,发生了什么”最早见于1942年。用 cook with gas “做得好,行为或思考正确”是20世纪30年代的黑人俚语。
The expression "NOW YOU'RE COOKING WITH GAS" has bobbed up again — this time as a front page streamer on the Roper Ranger, and as the banner line in the current advertising series of the Nashville (Tenn.) Gas and Heating Company, cleverly tying gas cooking to local food products and restaurants. "Now you're cooking with gas" literally took the gas industry by the ears around December 1939 — Remember? — when it flashed forth in brilliant repartee from the radio programs of the Maxwell Coffee Hour, Jack Benny, Chase and Sanborn, Johnson Wax, Bob Hope and sundry others. [American Gas Association Monthly, vol. xxiii, 1941]
“现在你用煤气做饭了”这个表达再次出现了——这次是在 Roper Ranger 的头版标题上,以及纳什维尔(田纳西州)煤气和供暖公司当前广告系列的横幅标题中,巧妙地将煤气烹饪与当地的食品和餐厅联系起来。 “现在你用煤气做饭了”在1939年12月左右就在广播节目中闪耀出来,从麦克斯韦咖啡时间、杰克·贝尼、追逐和桑伯恩、约翰逊蜡、鲍勃·霍普和其他一些人的广播节目中闪耀出来,这一表达方式真正地抓住了煤气行业的耳朵。[美国煤气协会月刊,第23卷,1941年]